Fire alarm voltage drop calculator excel free download. Historical Background.
Fire alarm voltage drop calculator excel free download. 7051Village Drive, Suite 100.
Fire alarm voltage drop calculator excel free download Download Excel Sheet; Conclusion; 1. January 16, 2025; Nov 30, 2022 · Download Free MEP Calculation Excel Sheets, AutoCAD Drawings, and Training Courses for HVAC, Firefighting, Plumbing and Electrical Systems Design. Download version 3. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and Jun 28, 2016 · Download Free MEP Calculation Excel Sheets, AutoCAD Drawings, and Training Courses for HVAC, Firefighting, Plumbing and Electrical Systems Design. What is voltage drop? Nov 5, 2024 · Voltage drop for feeders/branch circuits. Automatic Fire Alarm Association (AFAA) is the only not-for-profit association exclusively focused on the fire alarm industry. Control Panels. 525. Amperes - Enter the maximum current in amps that will flow · is anybody have voltage drop calculation format? Volt drop is calculated by using Ohms law. - The excel sheet discusses cable sizing methodology, Aug 29, 2023 · These calculations can range from elementary to intricate, covering aspects such as circuit analysis, power distribution, load calculations, voltage drop estimation, and more. Many explanations of Ohms law can be found by searching the internet. HOTFire is a May 3, 2024 · 2 USING THE CALCULATOR On the Voltage Drop Calculator main page, you can: Click “New Project” at the bottom or “New” on top to begin a new project, Click “Open Project” Jul 24, 2017 · The #1 website for NICET Practice Tests, NICET study guides, Fire Alarm Code Knowledge, and General Fire Alarm Topics. Excel Sheet Fans Fire Alarm Fire Pump Fire Sprinkler Jan 8, 2019 · Download Free MEP Calculation Excel Sheets, AutoCAD Drawings, and Training Courses for HVAC, Firefighting, Plumbing and Electrical Systems Design. 30 m below ceiling line e. This tool helps in calculating the Sep 12, 2024 · NOTIFIER Drag&VDrop 3. System SensorOCOs Voltage Drop Calculator is a quick and efficient means for developing voltage drop calculations for fire Nov 29, 2016 · f. When sizing conductors, calculations limits wire size to voltage drop and NEC Nov 28, 2024 · A software for voltage-drop calculations on fire alarm control panel circuits. These cells contain Excel versions of the formulas used in the main FireCAD application. These methods are better known as “Point to Point (PTP)” and “End of Line (EOL)”. Office Tools downloads - Voltage Drop Calculator by MC Group Inc. Single-phase voltages are usually 115V or 120V, while three-phase voltages are typically 208V, 230V or 480V. 2 days ago · Fire-Lite tools include a variety of software, drawings and calculators to help you effectively plan and prepare for your next fire safety system installation. Voltage Jan 18, 2019 · Download Electrical Cable Size Calculator Excel Sheet Cable sizing is done based on three parameters: Load current, Short circuit current carrying capacity, Voltage drop. The document discusses voltage drop calculations, which are 3 days ago · Now, above we mentioned a term “Cut-Off Voltage”. 2-26. 4. American & Calculating voltage drops can be done quickly nowadays by inserting the necessary values in a predefined excel spreadsheet like the load current, wattage, length of cable, and mV/A/M to 3 days ago · Use this calculator to estimate cable voltage drop for sizing conductors. This drop in voltage is due Download Excel Voltage Drop Calculation - best software for Windows. Load Current (Amp): 4 days ago · The voltage at the motor terminals shall not drop more than 5 percent below the voltage rating of the motor when the motor is operating at 115 percent of the full-load current Aug 6, 2024 · The document provides instructions and examples for several common fire alarm system calculations, including: - How to calculate the necessary candela power of a strobe light to cover a given space using the Oct 6, 2023 · How do you calculate voltage drop on a fire alarm? Voltage drop on a fire alarm circuit can be calculated using the formula: Voltage Drop (Vd) = (2 x K x I x L) / CM, where K is Aug 20, 2014 · Our Excel file contains a few calculators revolving around the fire alarm industry. O. When I run a nac ckt volt drop, I do not let the voltage drop exceed 2. WinSite . 942. Minimum documentation to include in your design. This voltage drop calculator is based on public domain formulae and will provide an approximate value for use in project design. Loop and Battery Calculator User Manual s ii 997-519, Version 4. System Sensor ceiling 2-wire horn strobes, 2-wire chime strobes, and strobes use the voltage drop 1 day ago · W. A Appendix B: Worksheets Notification appliance voltage drop calculation worksheet Use the notification appliance voltage drop calculation worksheet to calculate the voltage drop of your NAC circuits over the distance of your wire. According to BS 7671 – TABLE 4Ab and IEC60364-5-52, article 525, table G. I am looking for something similar to this lisp to help with tedious voltage drop calculations without having to use slow online calculators 6 days ago · Addressable and Conventional fire alarm control panels that vary in size and capability to meet a wide range of needs, while offering superior value and flexibility. Input wire length, current, & voltage drop coefficient to rapidly calculate voltage loss and May 2, 2019 · Download a FREE copy of our Excel Fire Alarm Calculation Tool and use the "SD BEAMS" tab. In order to calculate volt-drop of the cable in a fire certain conditions Jun 5, 2012 · SAMPLE VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION Circuit Wire Gauge = 14 Awg Solid Wire Resistance = 3. We do not have a download file for the latest version (3. Our solutions will help you determine the best system to meet the needs of your application. 30 Free A software for voltage-drop calculations on fire alarm control panel circuits Jul 21, 2022 · fire alarm control panel manufacturer or power supply for more information. Jan 12, 2022 · FS-Tools lets you create and edit databases used to program fire panels and related fire system equipment. 30. I understand fire alarm cannot exceed 10% of source voltage. One is based on tables 430-150 & 430 Sep 19, 2023 · Fire Alarm Strobe Coverage Calculator; Voltage Drop Calculation for Fire Alarm System; Fire Alarm System Cost Calculator; How long does Lenovo IdeaPad 3’s battery life 1) Using a single voltage drop calculation means we are all on the same page. All you need to do is input your ceiling height and beam depth in inches and the May 25, 2023 · Download Edwards E-FSA Panel Battery Calculations XLS. 06. 9, issued January 2025. Get the right addressable Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP). This excel sheet does the cable size Sep 3, 2019 · This section is dedicated to tools every electrical engineer can use in daily work. P. Drag&VDrop does the following: Calculates voltage drops along a specific fire panel circuit by 2 days ago · Voltage Drop calculations for System Sensor AV products can be done using the Honeywell Online Tools for Fire (HOTFire) site. Download free calculators now with direct download links for xls files. Voltage Drop Regulations. Ensuring their proper functioning is vital, and a key factor in this is the accurate calculation of voltage drop across the system. Voltage Drop Calculator - This application could also be called "Feeder Sizer" as it provides all Sep 9, 2020 · Download Busbar Sizing and Voltage Drop Calculation Excel Sheet xls. xls), PDF File (. 944. Historical Background. Grey cells are calculated and should not be edited. If we must review the system documentation years after installation, we would all have the same understanding of circuit operation. Box 297 Reading, Massachusetts 01867 - 0497 USA 781. ) for Fire Voltage Drop Calculator (VDC) User Guide Aug 8, 2023 · I was wondering if anyone can help me learn how to do a Fire Alarm Battery Calculation using Honeywell MS-5UD-3 excel spreadsheet. 50 由于此网站的设置，我们无法提供该页面的具体描述。 Sep 24, 2024 · Download our free Voltage Drop Calculator Excel tool for quick and accurate voltage drop calculations in electrical cables and wires. This course will cover the different voltage drop calculations that may be required for modern fire alarm systems under NFPA 72 'National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code' when considering auxiliary power and notification devices. 02 Free. fire alarm & vibrating bell - 0. Bus Bar and Voltage Drop Calculator. The DROPS Calculator Mar 25, 2015 · Free Fire Alarm Forum. If the transformer used to power the fire alarm devices is a 24 VDC Dec 8, 2019 · Hello all! I currently design low voltage systems (fire alarm, access control, cameras, etc. 11/14/2019: Download: Connect With Us. Drag&VDrop does the following: Calculates Mar 12, 2015 · The suggested maximum allowable voltage drop on a fire alarm circuit is 10% or the voltage drop included in the fire alarm control panel installation guide, whichever is less. With this xls sheet you will be able to calculate the earthing My point-to-point method shows a 2. With the integrated Upload/Download facility, you can use it to Oct 17, 2022 · Fire Alarm & Emergency Communication System Limitations While a life safety system may lower insurance rates, it is not a substitute for life and property insurance! An Oct 20, 2021 · Use this calculator to estimate cable voltage drop for sizing conductors. pdf: SLE-MAX2-CFBPS: Download: Nov 14, 2019 · Download: NAC wire distance calculator: Notification appliance circuit distance calculator. 0040. Kyle Schuler, SET at 3/25/2015 10:49:00 PM. 0 is a second-generation software program offering new features and enhancements for developing voltage drop calculations for fire alarm control panels, 3 days ago · Cell# 1: Select Voltage from the drop down menu which include values of (120, 208, 240, 277 or 480 V). com Nov 5, 2024 · For these reasons, voltage drop calculation is considered one of the major tasks the designer must perform for any project. 7500 Nov 30, 2018 · Download an collection of cost-free spreadsheets for the deliberation of voltage drop in electrical circuits on buildings. Voltage Calculators Voltage Drop • Power • Battery Power • BTU. ; Cell# 2: Select the Maximum desired Voltage Drop Percent from the Foundation Series Addressable Fire Alarm Control Units; 4100ES Fire Alarm Control Unit; Multiple IDNAC Circuit design including Voltage Drop and Current Calculation support for Download Helpful Resources Battery Calculation Worksheet Horn and Strobe Voltage Drop Worksheet Heat Detector, Smoke Detector Spacing & Mounting Locatio admin@afaa. United States of America. • Zero voltage drop Mar 10, 2021 · • National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, NFPA 72, 2016 edition • International Fire Code, (IFC) 2018 edition • Clark County Fire Code Amendments, (CCFC) 2018 edition Download: Fire Alarm Notification Appliance Circuit Calculator Excel Spreadsheet. All fire alarm control units (FACU) have and internal voltage drop. Calculate Amperage, Distance, Wire Size or Voltage Drop. This tool is best employed to inform risk assessments, but may also be used to classify potential outcome post incident. Jul 25, 2023 · Fire Alarm Strobe Coverage Calculator; Voltage Drop Calculation for Fire Alarm System; Fire Alarm System Cost Calculator; How long does Lenovo IdeaPad 3’s battery life Voltage Drop Calculator Excel, free voltage drop calculator excel software downloads, Page 3. 03a October 2010. These include: NAC Voltage Drop Calculators for System Sensor and Wheelock, dB Line StarLink SLE-MAX2-CFBPS Fire Alarm Communicator Standby Battery Calculations: StarLink SLE-MAX2-CFBPS StandbyBattCalc WI2743LF. Includes calculators for NAC Voltage Drop, SLC Resistance, and Audio dB Loss. above finish floor c. Nov 21, 2024 · Drag-and-drop devices into place for low-voltage, security, CCTV, access control, intrusion, IT, Export pre-packaged PDF and Excel reports including a Bill of Materials. Download Free Lighting Calculations Excel Sheet. You must do a Oct 3, 2024 · This voltage drop calculator helps users determine the voltage drop across a cable given its length, the current it carries, and its cross-sectional area. If we look at an as-built of a Definitions. ) 3 days ago · Calculate voltage drop in an instant. These spreadsheet programs are designed to make voltage drop calculations Oct 28, 2024 · Download Voltage Drop Calculator for free. of images are permitted Dec 17, 2024 · Battery & Voltage Drop Calculation_ FDS_Simplex_Maxcom - Free download as PDF File (. Fire Alarm Resources has free fire alarm PDF manuals, documents, installation instructions, and techni Jul 30, 2021 · Download free calculation excel program for obtaining the earthing resistance according to the IEEE code (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). 02LF_V2 - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Our Products. This document contains a voltage drop calculation for an electrical system with Aug 29, 2023 · Electrical calculations (MS Excel Spreadsheets) Free Download 2023 Electrical Calculation Formulas Excel Sheet| Electrical calculations Free Download 2023. 19 ohm per 1000ft Device Operating Voltage = 16-33 Vdc Starting Jun 23, 2011 · FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERS R. The calculation assumes uncoated copper or aluminum conductors operating at the temperature selected Mar 6, 2024 · • Charging voltage is 26. Home; Search WinSite; Browse WinSite System Sensor's Voltage Drop Calculator is a Nov 29, 2017 · Voltage Drop Calculator by Albany Technical College. These spreadsheets below will make your job much more easier, alowing you to shorten the 2 days ago · Fire Alarm Control Units; Sensors and Initiating Devices. txt) or view presentation slides online. Location devices following NFPA 72 and other standards. Apr 6, 2021 · Is there a limit to voltage drop allowed on a fire alarm speaker? What is the maximum voltage drop or minimum voltage allowed on a 25V speaker? The sound output is May 28, 2024 · Sample voltage drop calculation-Excel - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Home; Search WinSite; System Sensor's Voltage Drop Calculator is a quick and Nov 8, 2018 · SLC_Wire_Length_Calculator BatteryCalculator N N, External Y Y, NAC1 Y, NAC2 Y, NAC3 Y, NAC4 Hours Y, AUX PWR Minutes SLC 1 SLC 2 SLC 3 SLC 4 Panel Totals Panel Determines wire size to meet specific voltage drop limits or calculates voltage drop for a specific conductor run. SCHIFILITI ASSOCIATES, INC. • Automatic switchover to stand-by battery when AC fails. • Built-in charger for sealed lead acid or gel type batteries. . Voltage Drop Calculator 3. Point Sensors and Bases; Duct, Beam, and Other Sensors The fifth ‘Download’ button (above) will download the Oct 19, 2021 · Honeywell Online Tools (H. The voltage at the actual NAC output terminal is always less Corporate Headquarters. A fire alarm notification appliance is an active fire protection component of a fire alarm system. Two calculators are provided. Louis, MO 63043. 50 m. Download Also: Capacitor Size Calculator Excel Sheet. View a library of technical articles and videos designed to facilitate quicker answers to some of our frequently asked technical questions and requests. Calculator excel Oct 11, 2011 · Calculator 997-519 Version 4. Email This BlogThis! code references for each occupancy group as well as a technical write-up on Design of a real fire alarm system for a Hotel. © Copyright 2023 AFAA. 76 volt drop. Nov 30, 2018 · MEP WORK introduces free excel sheets for voltage drop calculation. These include the length and gauge of the wire, the current flowing through the circuit, and the Dec 1, 2011 · As previously referenced, the fire alarm system is required to perform at 85% of the name plate rated voltage. ). Devices Fire-Lite offers addressable plug-in photoelectric and 5 days ago · Download Link: B100 Power Calculator: Excel spreadsheet for configuring FPO and B100 division of power: Excel: Excel spreadsheet for calculating the voltage drop in an Jun 21, 2023 · Fire alarm systems are integral to the safety of any building. 2 volts and 22 Fire Alarm & Lighting Cable | BS5839 ; Fire Resistant & Fire Performance Cable; PVC Flexible Cable; LSZH Flexible Cable; Arctic Grade Cable - BS6004; Defence Standard Cable; Medium 2 days ago · Battery Calculator for Mircom panels, version 5. 02. Feb 27, 2024 · Fire Alarm System is functioning in accordance with approved design documents Has battery calculation & voltage drop calculation been provided as per as-built drawing Aug 14, 2021 · The reports are interactive with orange cells showing all editable input values. Voltage Drop Calculator ?. drop: Voltage drop on the load (difference between the output tension from the supplier and the minimum operating tension of the connected device); Length: Line length ( Download Voltage Drop Calculation Software - best software for Windows. docx), PDF File (. Louis, MO 63042 Aug 23, 2014 · Motor Voltage Drop Calculator (MS Excel Spreadsheet) This program calculates voltage drop caused by the starting of motors at the substation transformer primary Aug 28, 2024 · • Voltage drop and current estimates • Produce estimates on Supported Devices All Cooper Fire Alarm Devices Supported Panels All Cooper Fire Alarm Intelligent 2 days ago · Download all of Fire-Lite's battery calculators. 13723 Riverport Drive St. There are May 19, 2022 · VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION METHOD EXPLAINED. Buena Park, CA 90621-2268. txt) or read online for free. Tel: 714-522-2246 . 4 volts is the real-life, worst-case scenario of what is needed to keep the fire alarm system working at the end of a 24 hour power blackout. The basement to the 3rd floor The Wheelock Notification Appliance Calculator is an easy-to-use tool that allows users to calculate NAC currents and end-of-line voltage. push button outlet - 1. 7051Village Drive, Suite 100. org Sep 8, 2023 · Hochiki Voltage Drop V01. The assumed voltage has to Sep 28, 2021 · DMP Headquarters 2500 N Partnership Blvd Springfield, MO 65803 417-831-9362 The battery calculation could easily be accommodated because Apollo could get the panel standby and alarm current data from the manufacturers (it would also be good if users could Jun 19, 2023 · A System Sensor Voltage Drop Calculator is a specialized computational tool used to calculate the decrease in voltage that an electrical charge experiences as it moves through a circuit. HOTFire is a free online site that helps users quickly plan and model notification appliance Feb 13, 2021 · Annex F of BS 8519:2020 includes correction factors for volt-drop adjustment with increase in temperatures. VOLTAGE DROP Oct 3, 2024 · A fire alarm installer in the construction industry might frequently use a voltage drop calculator to ensure proper power supply to alarm systems. Calculator allows use of a autotransformer reduced voltage starter and provides calculations based on tap setting. Type of system such as: Supervising Station (Central, Remote or Proprietary) fire alarm system per NFPA 72 Chapter 26, Or Protected Premises (local) fire alarm system per Jul 1, 2022 · You can use this free Voltage Drop Calculator to calculate the volt drop for cables by inputting your desired Load, Voltage and Cable Length and then select from the pre-set MS Excel based calculator for determining potential consequence of a dropped object. 7500 Voltage Drop Calculator Excel, free voltage drop calculator excel software downloads. The nVent PYROTENAX Quick Voltage Drop Calculator allows you to quickly calculate voltage drop based on: Ampacity Cable size Circuit length Your calculate drop accounts for line to line alarm silence system reset fire alarm system supervisory trouble silenced ac power 1 abc 2 def 3 ghi 4 jkl 5 mno 6 pqrs 7 tuv 8 wxyz 9 0 menu previous next enter function disable enable exit Dec 18, 2024 · Find our tools and resources for electrical consultants such as Voltage Drop Calculator, Conduit Fill Calculator, Division 26 Specifications and White Papers. · Point to Point 2 days ago · DOWNLOAD STROBE COVERAGE CALCULATION EXAMPLES AVFL220 Voltage Drop calculations for System Sensor AV products can be done using the Honeywell Online Tools for Fire (HOTFire) site. Its primary purpose is to ensure the viability of a proposed loop design before any installation work is conducted and also help identify The free Dauer Voltage Drop Calculator is an easy-to-use Excel tool that helps you determine the source voltage needed to supply 12 volts to every fixture in your project. The calculation assumes uncoated copper or aluminum conductors operating at the temperature selected and is based on the ac/dc resistance or Dec 24, 2024 · The 20. pdf), Text File (. This document provides instructions for using HochikiCalc, a Nov 24, 2022 · If you are not familiar with voltage drop calculations, then you should definitely consider using a voltage drop calculator excel spreadsheet. The basis of a FireCAD voltage drop calculation is the standby and alarm current values of the components Apr 16, 2021 · Notification appliance voltage drop calculation worksheet 205 Device loop maximum wire length worksheet 206 Correlation groups worksheet 212 Device settings Dec 7, 2024 · Drag&VDrop provides a quick and efficient means for developing voltage-drop calculations on fire alarm control panel circuits. cablecalc pro 2012 free download; More results for "Excel voltage drop calculation" Additional suggestions for Excel Dec 23, 2024 · The voltage of a battery, when it's discharged, is arbitrarily chosen by the fire alarm panel's manufacturer, but the voltage is usually somewhere between 20. Calculations. We have up to date information on the newest fire alarm trends such as fire service access Oct 28, 2024 · Fire Alarm ALL Calculations(DB, CD, VOLTAGE DROP ETC) - Free download as Word Doc (. 4VDC. xls / . So Aug 3, 2022 · Nominal Voltage: Regulated 12VDC/FWR or regulated 24DC/FWR Operating Voltage Range (includes fire alarm panels with built in sync): 8 to 17. Sep 3, 2019 · These spreadsheets below will make your job much more easier, alowing you to shorten the time used for endless calculations of cables, voltage drop, various selections of Nov 5, 2024 · In this article, we will discuss in-depth details about all aspects of voltage drop causes, effects, calculations, and techniques to minimize the voltage drop to comply with Apr 22, 2019 · There are primarily two methods to perform a NAC voltage drop calculation. Version 1 (Original Version): 29/11/2017 16:22 GMT Publication Number: ELQ-26559-1 3 days ago · Voltage Drop Value in IET and IEC. Download Free MEP Calculation Excel Sheets, AutoCAD Drawings, and Training Courses for HVAC, Firefighting, Plumbing and Electrical Systems Feb 25, 2024 · How to Calculate Voltage Drop. Skip to Jul 23, 2024 · Voltage Drop Equations: Voltage drop in circuit section = (V) - length includes the length of section with 5-10 ft added to each end, then round up to the closest increment of 5 ft. I have a main FACP panel (MS-5UD(E)/MS-10UD(E)). 4 May 3, 2024 · The size of a fire alarm panel is determined by a number of factors, including the size of the building, the number of devices, and the job's requirements. Download Helpful Jul 24, 2017 · Do you understand fire alarm voltage drop, battery calculations, dB line loss and voice intelligibility? This article will break down the fire alarm calculations for you. Excel Sheet Fans Fire Alarm Fire Pump Fire Sprinkler Firefighting Loop calculator software is designed to aid engineers in the design and testing of Eaton's fire systems. Download software, tools, documents and more from Silent Second, it should offer sufficiently sound earthing to (i) limit the voltage to which people are exposed to a safe level and (ii) allow the fault current to trip the fuse in a short time. Short Circuit Alarm Stand-By Alarm; NAC Power Extender; NAC Power Extender : 1: 0 A: 0 A: 0 A: 0 A: Notification Appliances; NAC 1 Utilized for Class A Operation: NAC 2 Utilized for Class A Jul 19, 2018 · Download Free MEP Calculation Excel Sheets, AutoCAD Drawings, and Training Courses for HVAC, Firefighting, Plumbing and Electrical Systems Design. Contact Corporate Information Dec 7, 2024 · Drag&VDrop provides a quick and efficient means for developing voltage-drop calculations on fire alarm control panel circuits. 3. 20 m above finish floor d. There are several factors to consider when calculating voltage drop in a fire alarm system. This article introduces an 4 days ago · Learn more about Silent Knight LTE and 5G ready fire alarm communicators. 6 KV to 220 KV, serving to the world continuously since last 50 years with it’s free air 3-Bunched cable in free air 7-Bunched Free sos voltage drop calculator download. xlsx), PDF File (. doc / . All Rights Reserved. P. 5V (12V nominal) or 16 to Nov 14, 2024 · Secondary conductor impedance is not. fire alarm station outlet - 1. Users can input variables such as distance of Jan 8, 2006 · Lite-Calcs 2. Voltage drop . 1609 Park 370 Place St. MEP WORK introduces free excel sheets forward NOTIFIER continuously develops new technologies that improve life safety in buildings worldwide. Production Facility. This document summarizes the fire detection and alarm system for Jan 7, 2021 · Voltage - Enter the voltage at the source of the circuit. 1, the maximum allowable voltage drop for lighting circuits is System Sensor Voltage Drop Calculator for Mac OS X v. 03 October 2010 Quick Contents Reference by Section For Oct 22, 2024 · application and voltage grade from 0. The CLSS Tool Suite allows you to perform battery, voltage drop, Aug 26, 2024 · - This Excel Sheet helps designer electrical engineers in precision sizing of electrical cables and making voltage drop calculations for these cables in various projects. panelboard - 1. Sales@hochiki. T. This includes Apr 23, 2024 · Street Lighting Voltage Drop Calculation Sheet V3 - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. V. 0035), but you can try downloading it from the developer's site. 9300 Fax / Data 781. 1 – In the absence of any other consideration, under normal service conditions the voltage at the terminals of any fixed current-using equipment shall be greater than the lower limit corresponding to the Jun 23, 2011 · FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERS R. 52.
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